Linkage institutions
Two-party system Single-member districts Winner-take-all Proportional representation plurality New Deal Coalition Divided government Gridlock |
Straight ticket voting Rational choice theory
Maintaining elections Deviating elections Critical elections Realigning elections Dealigning elections Party machines Patronage Caucuses |
Party platform
Closed primary Open primary Super Tuesday Super delegates Delegates Frontloading Horserace journalism National committee Party coalition Pol Action Committees Soft money |
Independent expenditures
Issue advocacy ads Super PACs 527s Public funding FEC Electoral College Interest groups Single-issue groups Public interest groups |
Economic interest groups
Amicus curiae Class-action lawsuit Litigation Free riders Lobbying Grassroots lobbying Mass media Media events Gatekeepers Watchdogs |