Linkage institutions
Lobbying Grassroots lobbying Mass media Media events Gatekeepers Watchdogs Divided government Gridlock |
Independent expenditures
Issue advocacy ads Super PACs 527s Public funding FEC Interest groups Single-issue groups Public interest groups |
Economic interest groups
Amicus curiae Class-action lawsuit Litigation Free riders Party coalition Pol Action Committees Soft money |
Party platform
Super Tuesday Super delegates Delegates Frontloading Horserace journalism National committee |
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